![]() Prostate Cancer: Practice Essentials, Background, Anatomy. Thompson IM, Pauler DK, Goodman PJ, Tangen CM, Lucia MS, Parnes HL, et al. Prevalence of prostate cancer among men with a prostate- specific antigen level < or =4. N Engl J Med. 2. 00. May 2. 7. 3. 50 (2. Wolf AM, Wender RC, Etzioni RB, Thompson IM, et al. ![]() American Cancer Society guideline for the early detection of prostate cancer: update 2. CA Cancer J Clin. Mar- Apr. 6. 0(2): 7. Preventive Services Task Force. Available at https: //www. Page/Document/draft- recommendation- statement/prostate- cancer- screening. April 1. 1, 2. 01. Accessed: April 1. Chustecka Z. Medscape Medical News. WebMD experts and contributors provide answers to your health questions. Conclusions. Rosiglitazone was associated with a significant increase in the risk of myocardial infarction and with an increase in the risk of death from. Available at http: //www. April 1. 1, 2. 01. Accessed: April 1. American Urological Association. AUA Disputes Panel’s Recommendations on Prostate Cancer Screening. May 2. 1, 2. 01. 2. Available at http: //www. USPSTF. Accessed: Jan 2. Hayes JH, Ollendorf DA, Pearson SD, Barry MJ, et al. Active surveillance compared with initial treatment for men with low- risk prostate cancer: a decision analysis. Cancer Facts & Figures 2. Available at http: //www. Accessed: January 2. Al Olama AA, Kote- Jarai Z, Giles GG, Guy M, Morrison J, et al. Multiple loci on 8q. Ewing CM, Ray AM, Lange EM, Zuhlke KA, Robbins CM, et al. Germline mutations in HOXB1. N Engl J Med. 2. 01. Read the latest biotechnology articles on biotech industry leaders, emerging biotech companies, FDA decisions, VC deals, and other biotech industry news.
Jan 1. 2. 3. 66(2): 1. Prostate Cancer Risk Doubled for Men With Lynch Syndrome. Medscape Medical News. Available at http: //www. ![]() Accessed: May 2, 2. Raymond VM, Mukherjee B, Wang F, Huang SC, Stoffel EM, Kastrinos F, et al. Elevated Risk of Prostate Cancer Among Men With Lynch Syndrome. J Clin Oncol. 2. 01. Mar 2. 5. Hsing AW, Comstock GW. Serological precursors of cancer: serum hormones and risk of subsequent prostate cancer. Clinical Guidelines. Authored by a talented group of GI experts, the College is devoted to the development of new ACG guidelines on gastrointestinal and liver diseases.Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. Jan- Feb. Thompson IM, Goodman PJ, Tangen CM, Lucia MS, Miller GJ, Ford LG, et al. The influence of finasteride on the development of prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2. 00. Jul 1. 7. 3. 49(3): 2. Andriole GL, Bostwick DG, Brawley OW, Gomella LG, et al. Effect of dutasteride on the risk of prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 3. 62(1. ASCO/AUA Special Announcement on FDA Decision Re: Dutasteride. February 2, 2. 01. US Food and Drug Administration. Available at http: //www. Drugs/Drug. Safety/ucm. Accessed: October 2. Weiner AB, Matulewicz RS, Eggener SE, Schaeffer EM. Increasing incidence of metastatic prostate cancer in the United States (2. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. Jul 1. 9. Percent free prostate specific antigen and cancer detection in black and white men with total prostate specific antigen 2. Eggener SE, Scardino PT, Walsh PC, Han M, et al. Predicting 1. 5- year prostate cancer specific mortality after radical prostatectomy. Cooperberg MR, Broering JM, Carroll PR. Risk assessment for prostate cancer metastasis and mortality at the time of diagnosis. J Natl Cancer Inst. Jun 1. 6. 1. 01(1. Lower Mortality Associated With Opioid- Sparing Prostatectomy. Medscape Medical News. Dec 1. 8 2. 01. 3. Association between neuraxial analgesia, cancer progression, and mortality after radical prostatectomy: a large, retrospective matched cohort study. Br J Anaesth. 2. 01. Dec 1. 6. Kenfield SA, Stampfer MJ, Chan JM, Giovannucci E. Smoking and prostate cancer survival and recurrence. Jun 2. 2. 3. 05(2. Cigarette smoking and prostate cancer recurrence after prostatectomy. J Natl Cancer Inst. May 1. 8. 1. 03(1. Men With Prostate Cancer Have Increased Risk for Melanoma. Medscape Medical News. Available at http: //www. Accessed: November 1. Li WQ, Qureshi AA, Ma J, Goldstein AM, Giovannucci EL, Stampfer MJ, et al. Personal History of Prostate Cancer and Increased Risk of Incident Melanoma in the United States. J Clin Oncol. Markert EK, Mizuno H, Vazquez A, Levine AJ. Molecular classification of prostate cancer using curated expression signatures. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. Dec 2. 7. 1. 08(5. Subcellular localization of p. Tool Updated for Predicting Prostate Cancer Severity. Available at http: //www. Accessed: January 1. Eifler JB, Feng Z, Lin BM, Partin MT, Humphreys EB, Han M, et al. An updated prostate cancer staging nomogram (Partin tables) based on cases from 2. National Cancer Institute. Prostate Cancer Screening (PDQ. Available at http: //www. Health. Professional/allpages. Accessed: October 2. De. Castro GJ, Jayram G, Razmaria A, Shalhav A, Zagaja GP. Functional outcomes in African- Americans after robot- assisted radical prostatectomy. Margel D, Baniel J, Wasserberg N, Bar- Chana M, Yossepowitch O. Radiation therapy for prostate cancer increases the risk of subsequent rectal cancer. Wilt TJ, Brawer MK, Jones KM, Barry MJ, Aronson WJ, et al. Radical prostatectomy versus observation for localized prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2. 01. Jul 1. 9. 3. 67(3): 2. American Cancer Society. Available at http: //www. Cancer/Prostate. Cancer/More. Information/Prostate. Cancer. Early. Detection/prostate- cancer- early- detection- acs- recommendations. April 1. 4, 2. 01. Accessed: August 3, 2. Prostate Cancer Early Detection. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. Available at https: //www. April 2. 8, 2. 01. Accessed: August 2. US Preventive Services Task Force. Preventive Services Task Force. Available at http: //www. Page/Document/Update. Summary. Final/prostate- cancer- screening? Accessed: August 7, 2. Chustecka Z. AUA Issues New Guidelines on PSA Screening. Medscape Medical News. Available at http: //www. Accessed: May 1. 4, 2. Screening for Prostate Cancer: A Guidance Statement From the Clinical Guidelines Committee of the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med. Andriole GL, Crawford ED, Grubb RL 3rd, Buys SS, et al. Mortality results from a randomized prostate- cancer screening trial. N Engl J Med. 2. 00. Mar 2. 6. 3. 60(1. Screening and prostate- cancer mortality in a randomized European study. N Engl J Med. 2. 00. Mar 2. 6. 3. 60(1. Hugosson J, Carlsson S, Aus G, Bergdahl S, et al. Mortality results from the G. Lancet Oncol. 1. 1(8): 7. Holmberg L, Bill- Axelson A, Helgesen F, Salo JO, Folmerz P et al. A randomized trial comparing radical prostatectomy with watchful waiting in early prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2. 00. Sep 1. 2. 3. 47(1. Bul M, van Leeuwen PJ, Zhu X, Schr. Prostate cancer incidence and disease- specific survival of men with initial prostate- specific antigen less than 3. ERSPC Rotterdam. 5. Bul M, van Leeuwen PJ, Zhu X, Schr. Prostate cancer incidence and disease- specific survival of men with initial prostate- specific antigen less than 3. ERSPC Rotterdam. 5. Shao YH, Albertsen PC, Roberts CB, Lin Y, Mehta AR, Stein MN, et al. Risk profiles and treatment patterns among men diagnosed as having prostate cancer and a prostate- specific antigen level below 4. Arch Intern Med. 2. Jul 2. 6. 1. 70(1. Preston MA, Batista JL, Wilson KM, Carlsson SV, Gerke T, Sjoberg DD, et al. Baseline Prostate- Specific Antigen Levels in Midlife Predict Lethal Prostate Cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2. 01. Jun 1. 3. Vickers AJ, Till C, Tangen CM, Lilja H, Thompson IM. An empirical evaluation of guidelines on prostate- specific antigen velocity in prostate cancer detection. J Natl Cancer Inst. Mar 1. 6. 1. 03(6): 4. Diagnostic accuracy of multi- parametric MRI and TRUS biopsy in prostate cancer (PROMIS): a paired validating confirmatory study. January 2. 01. 7. Comparison of contrast enhanced color Doppler targeted biopsy to conventional systematic biopsy: impact on Gleason score. Cornelis F, Rigou G, Le Bras Y, et al. Real- time contrast- enhanced transrectal US- guided prostate biopsy: diagnostic accuracy in men with previously negative biopsy results and positive MR imaging findings. Markers may indicate occult high- grade prostate cancer. Available at http: //www. Accessed: March 6, 2. Rosario DJ, Lane JA, Metcalfe C, Donovan JL, Doble A, et al. Short term outcomes of prostate biopsy in men tested for cancer by prostate specific antigen: prospective evaluation within Protec. T study. Outcomes of localized prostate cancer following conservative management. Sep 1. 6. 3. 02(1. PET/MR detects prostate cancer recurrence. Medscape Medical News. June 2. 0, 2. 01. Initial experience in restaging of patients with recurrent prostate cancer: comparison of 1. C- choline- PET/MR and 1. C- choline- PET/CT . Presented at: 2. 01. Annual Meeting of the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging (SNMMI); June 1. Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. ACR Appropriateness Criteria. Available at http: //guideline. Accessed: January 2. Ellis RJ, Kaminsky DA, Zhou EH, Fu P, Chen WD, Brelin A, et al. Ten- year outcomes: the clinical utility of single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography capromab pendetide (Prostascint) in a cohort diagnosed with localized prostate cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. American Joint Committee on Cancer. AJCC Staging Manual. New York, NY: Springer Verlag; 2. Risk assessment for prostate cancer metastasis and mortality at the time of diagnosis. J Natl Cancer Inst. Jun 1. 6. 1. 01(1. Revamped prostate cancer risk calculator now online. Medscape Medical News. August 8, 2. 01. 4. Focusing PSA Testing on Detection of High- Risk Prostate Cancers by Incorporating Patient Preferences Into Decision Making. Crawford ED, Blumenstein BA. Proposed substages for metastatic prostate cancer. Haese A, Epstein JI, Huland H, Partin AW. Validation of a biopsy- based pathologic algorithm for predicting lymph node metastases in patients with clinically localized prostate carcinoma. Guideline for the management of clinically localized prostate cancer: 2. PDQ Adult Treatment Editorial Board. Prostate Cancer Treatment (PDQ. National Cancer Institute. Available at http: //www. Health. Professional/page. July 5, 2. 01. 6; Accessed: August 3, 2. Lu- Yao GL, Albertsen PC, Moore DF, Shih W, Lin Y, Di. Paola RS, et al. Fifteen- Year Survival Outcomes Following Primary Androgen- Deprivation Therapy for Localized Prostate Cancer. JAMA Intern Med. 2. Jul 1. 4. Bahn D, de Castro Abreu AL, Gill IS, Hung AJ, Silverman P, Gross ME, et al. Focal cryotherapy for clinically unilateral, low- intermediate risk prostate cancer in 7. American Urological Association. PATENT EXPIRY DATES 1/3 « New Drug Approvals. The global generic pharmaceuticals market is likely to witness strong growth in the next few years owing to the patent expiration of key blockbuster drugs and the judicious cost containment efforts of governments and healthcare service providers worldwide. At the same time, the balance in terms of healthcare expenditure and sales revenue is poised to shift from developed to emerging markets such as India, China, Brazil, Russia, Turkey and South Korea, as huge potential still remains untapped in these countries. Popular drugs scheduled to lose U. S. A strong skills requirement for these new inventions is a positive move for some sectors. A swift move in to emerging markets like Brazil, India and China and alternative business models means a more dynamic global recruitment drive and a greater effort to match skills, new locations and business management as quickly as possible. Niche products – including so- called orphan drugs – are attractive but leave these larger companies looking at a loss if they can’t convince their local regulatory body that a branded version is more commercially viable than the generic alternative. So is it the generic drug development projects that will see the biggest impact on Life Science recruitment in the next 1. Or will it be established . The patent expiration of blockbuster drug fuel the growth of global generic drug pharmaceutical market. Many branded pharmaceutical companies drugs expired in last few years like Lipitor, Cozaar, Concerta,Crestor, Levaquin and Zyprexa. Market leaders such as Teva, Sandoz and Mylan are increasingly focused on generics, as this segment provides a competitive edge and presents huge profit margins. Patent expiration opens the door for generic versions which make the healthcare available to the consumers at cheaper costs as compared to the patented drugs. According to IBISWorld, the top five best- sellers set to lose patent protection in each of the yrs 2. Patent Expiring in 2. Condition. Company. U. S. Sales. Lipitorcholesterol. Pfizer$5,3. 29,0. Zyprexaantipsychotic. Eli Lily$2,4. 96,0. Levaquinantibiotics. Johnson & Johnson$1,3. Concerta. ADHD/ADDJohnson & Johnson$9. Protonixantacid. Pfizer$6. Patent Expiring in 2. Condition. Company. U. S. Sales. Plavixanti- platelet. Bristol- Myers Squibb /Sanofi- Aventis$6,1. Seroquelantipsychotic. Astra. Zeneca$3,7. Singulairasthma. Merck$3,2. Actostype 2 diabetes. Takeda$3,3. 51,0. Enbrelarthritis. Amgen$3,3. YEAR 2. 01. 3Epogen. Epoetin alfa (r. INN) /. Authorised by the European Medicines Agency on 2. August 2. 00. 7, it stimulates erythropoiesis (increases red blood cell levels) and is used to treat anemia, commonly associated with chronic renal failure and cancer chemotherapy. Epoetin is marketed under the trade names Procrit and Epogen. Its annual cost to U. S. Its blockbuster drug for anemia, Epogen, which had a sale of about $2. Ac–Tyr–Thr–Ser–Leu–Ile–His- Ser- Leu- Ile- Glu- Glu- Ser- Gln–Asn- Gln- Gln- Glu- Lys- Asn- Glu- Gln- Glu- Leu- Leu- Glu- Leu- Asp–Lys–Trp–Ala- Ser- Leu- Trp- Asn- Trp- Phe–NH2enfuvirtide, fuzeon. Enfuvirtide (INN) is an HIV fusion inhibitor, the first of a novel class of antiretroviral drugs used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV- 1 infection. It is marketed under the trade name Fuzeon (Roche). Enfuvirtide therapy costs an estimated US$2. United States. Its cost and inconvenient dosing regimen are factors behind its use as a reserve, for “salvage” therapy in patients with multi- drug resistant HIV. USD 4. 3 IN 2. 00. Oxycontin (oxycodone HCI), an opioid for pain management, earned $2. U. S. Manufactured by Novartis. Xeloda (capecitabine) is an oral chemotherapy treatment for metastatic colorectal and breast cancer manufactured by Genentech/Roche. Sales in 2. 01. 1 were $3. Asacol (mesalamine), for the treatment of ulcerative colitis symptoms, earned $8. Manufacturer: Warner Chilcott. Another blockbuster drug Neupogen will lose its patent in 2. Filgrastim is a granulocyte colony- stimulating factor (G- CSF) analog used to stimulate the proliferation and differentiation ofgranulocytes. It is produced by recombinant DNA technology. The gene for human granulocyte colony- stimulating factor is inserted into the genetic material of Escherichia coli. The G- CSF then produced by E. Reddy’s Laboratories), Neukine (Intas Biopharmaceuticals), Emgrast (Emcure Pharmaceuticals), Religrast (Reliance Life Sciences), Zarzio (Sandoz), Nufil (Biocon) and others. Apricus Biosciences is currently developing and testing a product under the brand name Nupen which can deliver filgrastim through the skin to improve post- chemotherapy recovery of neutrophil counts. VANOS (fluocinonide) Medicis Dermatoses $9. December 2. 01. 3 Avonex (interferon . The agency believes that the patent is this basic structure of the compound, a number of new drugs will enter the market next year. Biogen Idec is developing treatments for multiple sclerosis drug BG- 1. FDA approval, the smooth realization of product changeovers. Trade Name: Avonex. Generic Name: Interferon beta- 1. AThe Company: Biogen Idec. Indication: Multiple sclerosis (MS)Patent expiration Date: Dec. Estimated Global Sales 2. Billion. Join me- Do not miss me. With net sales of $1. Even with a black box warning advising against use during pregnancy, there is huge interest in the potential of the product; over 9. Hectorol (doxercalciferol)Genzyme’s doxercalciferol, used to maintain consistent serum concentrations of vitamin D hormone, is approved for secondary hyperparathyroidism, and was acquired when the firm bought Bone Care International to gain products for kidney disease. Trials testing the drug for osteoporosis and prostate cancer are also underway. Sales, posted at $1. Genzyme is actively defending its patent protections; in July 2. Sandoz unit of Novartis for alleged infringement. TEMOZOLOMIDETemodar, temozolomide, dollar 2. TEMODAR. Global sales in 2. Astra. Zeneca’s esomeprazole, indicated for acid reflux and erosive esophagitis, has held its own in sales among other branded products such as Prevacid, and remains one of the world’s largest selling drugs. This may not last. The advent of generics for the same indications, now accounting for 4. Nexium’s market share for the “purple pill” – which last year amounted to $5. The proton pump inhibitor’s patent history is somewhat controversial, generating some charges that this enantiomer of omeprazole provides little advantage or change but is an attempt to “evergreen” the product. In the end, though, it’s an attractive market, and Astra. Zeneca has already brought the Indian firm Lupin to court, alleging patent infringement. Barring successful patent challenges from other firms, the first generic on the market will be Ranbaxy, licensed in 2. Astra. Zeneca to begin distribution six months before patent expiration. Finally, esomepazole carries two patents not expiring until 2. Astra. Zeneca’s patent lawyers’ sleeves.. Cymbalta (duloxitine HCI), manufactured by Eli Lilly, is for the treatment of depression, generalized anxiety disorder, diabetic nerve pain, fibromylagia and chronic musculoskeletal pain. Global sales exceeded $4 billion in 2. Celebrex (celecoxib) is for the treatment of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis symptoms and management of acute pain in adults. Pfizer, its manufacturer, reported sales of $2. Marketed by Pfizer, celecoxib, a COX II inhibitor, is indicated for arthritis pain, other acute pain, and primary dysmenorrhea. It is also marketed as Onsenal for familial adenomatous polyps. Available already as a generic in India and the Philippines, the drug was originally developed by Searle and co- promoted by Pfizer and Monsanto (whose research division was eventually acquired by Pfizer). Searle had already prevailed in a patent suit with The University of Rochester, and with Vioxx’s market withdrawal in 2. Celebrex enjoyed a large market share, even with a clinical trial underway investigating the cardiovascular risks now described in a black box warning. Pfizer expected patent exclusivity until 2. Federal Circuit court, siding with Teva, invalidated the patent in question and resulted in the loss of approximately 1. Pfizer. Watch for generics on May 3. RIZATRIPTANMaxalt, rizatriptan, USdollar 2. Maxalt. Sales of Symbicort were $3. Lunesta (Eszopiclone), a treatment for insomnia, is manufactured by Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc., a subsidiary of Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co. Global sales in 2. Restasis (cyclosporine ophthalmic emulsion) for increasing tear production in patients with chronic dry eyes, is manufactured by Allergan. In 2. 01. 0, worldwide sales reached $6. Evista (raloxifene HCI), manufactured by Eli Lilly, is for treating and preventing osteoporosis. Evista earned $1. H- D- Phe- Cys- Phe- D- Trp- Lys- Thr- Cys- Thr- ol,x. CH3. COOH where x = 1. The molecular weight of octreotide acetate is 1. C4. 9H6. 6N1. 0O1. S2) and its amino acid sequence is as above. Sandostatin LAR (octreotide acetate for injectable suspension) by Novartis, is for the treatment of acromegaly syndrome, a hormonal disorder, and severe diarrhea and flushing associated with metastatic cancers. Global sales were $1. Actonel (risedronate) is for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. In 2. 01. 0, worldwide sales were $1. Actonel is manufactured by Warner Chilcott. MOXIFLOXACINAvelox, moxifloxacin. Also offered from LGM Pharma as a TEVA API (TAPI) product for compounding purposes, eptifibatide is also known by the brand name Integrilin, which is marketed by Merck. With Merck’s patent for Integrilin due to expire on November 1. May 5, 2. 01. 5, this powerful drug is set to be a generic blockbuster. A selective non- peptide molecule, TEVETEN. Its structural formula is: EPROSARTAN MESYLATEteveten. RAPAMUNE Oral Tab. It is used in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B infection and fetched almost $1. In February 2. 01. U. S. Originally, the patent was scheduled to expire in 2.
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